I needed to get to know the elusive Whistling Warbler on the island of Saint Vincent — which meant that we wanted to go up. Straight up some very steep slopes!
Whistling Warbler noticed on La Soufriere Windward Path. (Photograph by Jonathan Slifkin ML621602299)
The Whistling Warbler (Cathoropeza bishopi) is an endangered, endemic species of fowl that lives on the Lesser Antillean island of Saint Vincent. After we say a species is endemic, it implies that the species exists nowhere else on the planet apart from at a discrete location. It is a widespread designation for a lot of island species. When a species is endemic and endangered, that may be a ‘code red’ for conservationists — as a result of the species has nowhere else to go to disperse from threats! Within the case of the Whistling Warbler, these threats come primarily from deforestation, land use change, hurricanes (exacerbated by climate-change), and the latest explosive eruption of Saint Vincent’s La Soufrière volcano in 2021, the biggest to happen within the Caribbean within the final 250 years.
Determine 1. Map of St Vincent exhibiting areas of our PROALAS Level Counts with out Whistling Warbler (WHWA) sightings, with warbler sightings, and eBird Caribbean sightings previous to the April 2021 eruption of La Soufriére Volcano.
So the place is the Whistling Warbler to be discovered? Properly, this charming fowl (whose plumage delightfully brings to thoughts an Oreo cookie!) seems to require a selected sort of pure forest for habitat: forests rising in steep, moist, montane environments. These largely develop on the windward (east) facet of the island. Nonetheless, these forests have been experiencing quite a lot of “wear and tear” in recent times. Some have been minimize to develop non-native tree plantations, or terraced to offer farmland, in some circumstances for the unlawful cultivation of Hashish. Lots of the northern areas have been decimated by wind and volcanic ash from the 2021 volcanic eruption. The windward forests additionally take the brunt of hurricanes transferring west throughout the Atlantic, which may wreak havoc on the important habitat of the warbler. Hurricane Beryl only in the near past tore by means of St. Vincent and the Grenadines (SVG); the extent of the injury to the mainland forests (and the warbler) is at the moment unknown, although close by Union Island has been devastated. These rising and extra frequent impacts of local weather change can’t be neglected.
And but, the Whistling Warbler has up to now been capable of maintain on in small numbers, within the face of those daunting challenges to its habitat. A lot of its success is due to conservation efforts that shield and restore their habitat. Now, it’s completely important that the warbler inhabitants is actively monitored to make sure its survival, and to tell future conservation efforts aimed toward defending its habitat. A part of the problem right here is that there’s nonetheless so little recognized about this fowl. We don’t know a lot about their habitat necessities; their nest development; and when and the place they breed. It’s vital to grasp these features of the warbler’s life cycle to make efficient administration selections. We are able to solely discover this info by getting folks out into the forest to make these discoveries and to observe the inhabitants.
Getting ready for the journey: some homework required
I’m a graduate pupil at Antioch College New England learning Conservation Biology. Antioch Professor Dr. Mike Akresh has been working with Caribbean birds for over a decade, and when he requested if I want to accompany him on a two-week subject research journey in March 2024 to Saint Vincent, I used to be initially apprehensive. Leaving my younger baby and a pile of college work from home for 2 weeks sounded daunting, however I knew there was essential work to be achieved on Saint Vincent as there may be not an overabundance of researchers engaged on the Whistling Warbler. I made the choice to go.
The Susceptible St Vincent Parrot. (Photograph by Mike Akresh)
A pair of Rufous-throated Solitaire in St. Vincent (Photograph by Frantz Delcroix)
Lesser Antillean Tanager on St. Vincent. (Photograph by Steven Hunter ML200625941)
Firstly, I went into an intense studying interval focussed on the birds of Saint Vincent; it was particularly essential to be taught their calls. With the assistance of eBird, the Merlin App, and a useful subject information to the “Birds of the West Indies,” I familiarized myself with a lot of the birds we may count on to come across on the journey. How have been we going to observe for the Whistling Warbler? Properly, we have been planning to work with the PROALAS landbird monitoring protocol, which requires us to doc each fowl seen and heard throughout a selected time frame at some extent or transect. Each fowl has a narrative to inform in regards to the atmosphere; birds are thought to be indicator species. Because of this the presence of sure species or lack thereof offers vital insights in regards to the impacts of land use change, local weather change, and volcanic exercise; in different phrases, the obstacles and challenges that the Whistling Warbler faces.
The music of the Whistling Warbler consists of an ascending trill of loudly whistled notes.
Our enthusiastic workforce on Saint Vincent
Our collaborators on the island have been the gifted {and professional} members of the SVG Forestry Division. Our level of contact and monitoring collaborator was the energetic Glenroy Gaymes, who has been working carefully with the Whistling Warbler conservation efforts. Glenroy is an skilled birder and naturalist, whose ardour for conservation on Saint Vincent is infectious. With invaluable assist from Glenroy and different Forestry workers comparable to Felicia Baptiste, Romano Pierre, Caswin Caine, and Kishbert Richards, we reached the steep and distant areas the place the warbler lives. Glenroy and the Forestry Division have additionally been monitoring the endemic and endangered Saint Vincent Parrot (Amazona guildingii) and plenty of different non-bird species.
Mike Akresh, Glenroy Gaymes and Christian Carson in Kingstown, St. Vincent.
Our days on Saint Vincent have been demanding, however rewarding. We did discover the Whistling Warbler!
Mike climbing almost straight uphill. Accessing the Whistling Warbler’s habitat just isn’t simple. (Photograph by Christian Carson)
Major Forest in St. Vincent. (Photograph by Christian Carson)
Each morning we might get up earlier than dawn, and head up into the sawtooth-like mountains, shrouded in mist. You will have seen these spectacular mountains earlier than if in case you have seen the Pirates of the Caribbean motion pictures, which have been largely filmed on Saint Vincent. Fortuitously, we encountered the Whistling Warbler a number of instances at varied areas. In step with earlier observations, most or all of our encounters with the Whistling Warbler happened over 300 meters and in steep, moist forests. Did I point out that we needed to go up excessive? The slopes of the misty mountains of Saint Vincent have been steep and slippery.
Notes from the sector
When learning the place Whistling Warblers wish to reside, we discovered that they like major forests with a number of moss. Youthful and older secondary forests had fewer warblers. Apparently, palm brakes have been about the identical as major forests for warbler sightings, particularly close to sure trails. Detection was low in elfin woods, which appear to be unsuitable habitat for them. The drier, western facet of the island has much less of the moist montane forest they like.
We observed that Whistling Warblers actually like wetter forests, particularly the place there’s loads of moss. For instance, at one website – Silver Spoon, the place the forest may be very moist, we discovered a number of warblers. Nonetheless, on the leeward facet of the island, the forests have been dry and grassy, and we didn’t discover any warblers there.
We didn’t search for warblers within the northern a part of the island as a result of it’s too dry and no warblers have ever been discovered there. Tree plantations have been the least possible place to seek out Whistling Warblers as a result of these areas have bushes, like Blue Mahoe and Large-leaf Mahogany, which might be all the identical age and don’t present sufficient meals or shelter for the birds. General, we additionally observed that there have been fewer different forest birds round areas affected by the volcano. Birds like Bananaquits and Home Wrens have been widespread close to the volcano, however different species like Cocoa Thrush and Ruddy Quail-Doves have been lacking. The ash from the volcano could have made it tougher for some birds to seek out meals. Nonetheless, a few of these birds are beginning to come again now, so we’ll hold learning and monitoring the realm to be taught extra.
Christian and Kishbert surveying for the Whistling Warbler on La Soufrière. (Photograph by Mike Akresh)
We nonetheless want extra info on the mysterious Whistling Warbler!
Over the previous few years and through this present journey, we’ve got come throughout a number of nests which may presumably be these of the Whistling Warbler, however with no optimistic ID of a warbler utilizing the nest, we can not say for positive. Discovering a nest is especially essential for conservation efforts as a result of it permits us to higher perceive the warbler’s breeding ecology and habitat necessities. We additionally have no idea how profitable the warbler is in breeding; invasive mongoose or black rat populations could prey on eggs or fledglings. But it surely should be acknowledged that with out extra analysis, we can not know for positive. There are restricted assets out there to guard the Whistling Warbler, so the extra specifics we’ve got about this species, the higher these assets will be utilized to have the best conservation affect. We have to know extra, in order that we are able to do a greater job at defending this species, which is listed as Endangered on the IUCN Crimson Checklist.
With the information we’ve got been capable of accumulate whereas on Saint Vincent, we goal to create a conservation motion plan (CAP) particularly for the Whistling Warbler. With out the devoted work of the Saint Vincent Forestry Division, BirdsCaribbean, and donors small and enormous, this work wouldn’t be potential, and the Whistling Warbler would possible be added to the alarming (and rising) variety of species misplaced endlessly.
We owe it to the Whistling Warbler, up there within the distant rainforest and delightful mountains of Saint Vincent.
Christian holding a Sphinx Moth. (Photograph by Mike Akresh)
Acknowledgements: BirdsCaribbean is grateful to the Crucial Ecosystems Partnership Fund (CEPF) and the United Nations Improvement Programme (UNDP) for funding our Conservation of the Endangered Whistling Warbler Challenge, launched in 2022. We’re additionally deeply grateful to Mr. Fitzgerald Windfall and his workers on the St. Vincent Forestry Division for his or her assist and help. Particular thanks Glenroy Gaymes, who has been working carefully with us on the warbler undertaking. Lastly, we thank BirdsCaribbean members, companions, and donors to your help, which made this work potential.
Caribbean excursions
Caribbean culinary
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