Simón Rodríguez (NACLA) writes concerning the persistence of Afro-Dominican tradition, regardless of “the ongoing criminalization and racist persecution of African tradition, from the criminalization of Vodou to restrictions against Gagá.” Learn the entire article and see extra images at NACLA.
“Are these children taught about God? Are they taught the Bible, do they believe God?” On Might 21, 2024, Iván Ruiz, host of the Noon Present, one of many most-watched TV packages within the Dominican Republic, requested these inquiries to the kids’s dance group of the Fundación Cultural Herencia Viva de Mata de los Indios, who had meant to carry out Afro-Dominican dances on the present. “I was in shock,” recalled Lisaury del Rosario, the group’s director and choreographer. Ruiz, who heads the State Company of Radio and Tv, had warned off-camera that “he did not go with that culture… He said: ‘get them in quickly and get them out,’” del Rosario recalled in a public denunciation of the expertise. Presumably on account of Ruiz’s orders, the group didn’t carry out any dance and barely lasted 80 seconds in entrance of the cameras.
The group had anticipated to bop on TV as a part of an effort to lift funds to attend the Fiesta del Fuego Competition in Santiago de Cuba, to which that they had been invited. The producers had requested them in the event that they deliberate to carry out Gagá, a dance linked to a non secular celebration of African origin current in each Haiti and the Dominican Republic. Del Rosario had clarified that they wouldn’t. Ruiz requested on the air in the event that they knew tips on how to dance merengue—a preferred style elevated to nationwide primacy in the course of the dictatorship of Rafael Leónidas Trujillo. In a thinly veiled means, the questions on God and merengue are methods of verifying whether or not the ladies, who’re Black, are actually Dominican.
Mata de los Indios is a neighborhood with a robust cultural custom in North Santo Domingo and the birthplace of legendary figures of Afro-Dominican music, comparable to Enerolisa Núñez, singer of the salve custom, and the late folklorist and musician Sixto Minier, often known as Father of the Congos for his main function within the Congos de Villa Mella. The group can also be acknowledged by UNESCO on its checklist of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. Herencia Viva, directed by del Rosario, operates with no bodily location or state funding. Nonetheless, she is satisfied that her work helps to stop legal violence locally and “to fight so that culture is not lost.”
The producers’ questions on Gagá could have been motivated by authorized considerations. Regulation 824, governing the Nationwide Fee of Public Leisure and Radio (CNEPR), an company regulating media broadcasting, censures African dances within the Dominican Republic. Drafted in 1971 by the dictatorship of Joaquín Balaguer, one in every of its articles bans “rumbas, African dances, striptease and all dances which are considered offensive to morality and public decency” from tv or reside performances by which minors are a part of the viewers. The regulation instructs the CNEPR to stop public broadcasts or reside performances that “may be detrimental to the principles and norms of the Dominican people.” As such, Afro-Dominican dances are legally restricted as a result of they’re deemed anti-national and immoral.
There have been makes an attempt to modernize the CNPER. In 2005, President Leonel Fernández issued a decree to interchange Regulation 824. However its censorious content material persevered, prohibiting anarchist content material and offenses to the official cult of nationwide heroes. Within the face of sturdy opposition, it was repealed inside two weeks, and Regulation 824 was reinstated. One other reform was introduced in 2021, however nothing was finished. A draft “Law of Freedom of Expression,” offered by President Luis Abinader in April 2024, would repeal Regulation 824 and dissolve the CNEPR, changing it with a brand new regulatory physique with further duties, comparable to monitoring on-line exercise. Nonetheless, this new regulation, the textual content of which stays unknown to the general public, has not been permitted by Congress. Regulation 824 prohibiting African dances in tv remains to be in drive.
Censorship on the Service of Political Management
[. . .] Vodou faith can also be criminalized by Trujillo’s Regulation 391. The non-profit group Identidad Dominicana not too long ago filed an attraction of unconstitutionality in opposition to the regulation. The attraction has been pending since April 2024, however ultra-conservative sectors linked to the federal government vocally endorse Regulation 391. In September, Evangelical chief Ezequiel Molina acknowledged in a tweet that Vodou ought to stay unlawful as a result of it’s a “satanic cult.” “We are a Christian country. [To legalize it] would be the worst curse,” he declared.
Neotrujillismo and Cultural Repression
The battle between the ideological and institutional equipment of the Dominican regime and cultural expressions of African origin is a part of a broader system of racist repression. This has been described as an apartheid regime by numerous authors after the denationalization of lots of of 1000’s of Dominicans of Haitian descent in 2013. Even intellectuals affiliated with the present authorities, such because the ambassador of the Dominican Republic in Mexico, Juan Bolívar Díaz, have denounced Dominican apartheid prior to now.
In depth tutorial literature acknowledges Gagá, Vodou, and different cultural expressions of African origin as a part of the Dominican cultural heritage, relationship again to the primary Spanish colony that introduced an enslaved inhabitants of African origin within the fifteenth century. Sociologist Carlos Andújar noticed that within the Nineteen Nineties, greater than 40 p.c of houses in widespread neighborhoods and rural sectors of the Dominican Republic had some altar or symbolic aspect associated to Vodou. June Rosenberg, Dagoberto Tejeda, and Geo Ripley, amongst many different students, have written concerning the Dominican variant of this faith. Lusitania Martinez locates the start of the repression in opposition to Vodou and the music and dance of African origin to 1862 within the context of the short-lived re-annexation of the Dominican Republic by Spain. In 1992, the cult of the Cemetery Baron, the most well-liked manifestation of Dominican Vodou on the time, was banned. [. . .]
For full article, see https://nacla.org/forbidden-african-legacies-dominican-republic
[Shown above, photo by Guillermo Casado: Gagá de Mata Mamón takes part in a concert organized by Convite Pro-Diversidad in Santo Domingo’s Colonial Zone, protesting and defying 2014 restrictions on Gagá celebrations.]
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