![James Ferguson on“The last pirate of the Caribbean” [Cofresí] – Repeating Islands](https://i3.wp.com/repeatingislands.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/cofresi.png?w=598&resize=598,447&ssl=1 "James Ferguson on“The last pirate of the Caribbean” [Cofresí] – Repeating Islands")
In “The last pirate of the Caribbean / On this day,” James Ferguson (Caribbean Beat, Problem 187 (March/April 2025) writes about “the legend of Puerto Rico’s Roberto Cofresí — the Robin Hood-like figure who was executed for his crimes in front of the El Morro fortress 200 years ago.” This text coincides completely with a tribute that will likely be held in my hometown of Cabo Rojo for Roberto Cofresí (whose actual title was Roberto Kupferschein Ramírez de Arellano) and his descendants on the anniversary of his demise, March 29. Listed here are excerpts; learn the total story at Caribbean Beat.
[. . .] The good majority of pirates within the Caribbean have been born in Europe, sought to make a fast fortune, and gave nothing to the area. Their exemplary violence was described in ugly element by Johnson and different historians.
And but piracy’s optimistic picture continued even into the nineteenth century, when “the Caribbean’s last pirate” loved a short and eventful profession. Certainly, his reputation stays intact, and this can be largely as a result of, in contrast to the sooner European buccaneers, he was a neighborhood hero — born in Puerto Rico the place he plied his commerce.
Only a few pirates reached peaceable outdated age, and Roberto Cofresí was no exception. He and quite a lot of his crew have been executed by firing squad in entrance of El Morro fortress within the port of San Juan, Puerto Rico, on 29 March, 1825 — 200 years in the past. In heroic model, he declined the supply of a blindfold and declared defiantly, “I have killed hundreds with my own hands, and I know how to die. Fire!” His reported last phrases, whether or not traditionally correct or not, match into the narrative of the fearless outlaw.
The world into which Cofresí was born — on 17 June, 1791 — was very completely different from that of the Golden Age pirates. The Spanish Empire, whose treasure-laden galleons have been plundered by earlier generations of British, French, and Dutch brigands, was in terminal decline — and the newly unbiased mainland republics have been not a smooth goal. The remaining European-owned colonies had bolstered their naval capabilities and have been ready to work collectively to discourage piracy. Puerto Rico, together with Cuba and Santo Domingo, have been the final vestiges of Spain’s empire and have been struggling economically in an age of regional independence. [. . .]
By early 1823, Cofresí had turned to piracy, working with members of his prolonged household. The gang operated from the western port of Cabo Rojo but in addition used the small island of Mona — some 43 miles from Puerto Rico — as a base and have been recognized to frequent the Dominican Republic.
The pirate’s felony enterprise was small-scale, however extraordinarily busy. Cofresí is believed to have captured and plundered some 70 vessels in two years, however many of those have been unarmed buying and selling ships, carrying meals and provides between the Caribbean islands and the mainland.
Alerted by spies at ports, Cofresí’s mini-flotilla of sloops or schooners would intercept non-Spanish vessels, threaten or kill their crews, and steal money and commodities akin to espresso, flour, and leather-based. These items have been offered illicitly by means of felony networks and — so the legend has it — distributed among the many poor and needy.
The authorities within the French and British colonies in addition to these in america have been angered by the sudden reappearance of the pirate risk, and a manhunt was organised. But Cofresí was seemingly fearless and repeatedly evaded seize, utilizing a stolen six-gun sloop — Anne — as his flagship.
Searches of Cabo Rojo and the encircling waters yielded nothing till, in early March 1825, a mix of Danish and Colombian sailors positioned Cofresí and compelled him to flee ashore close to the Puerto Rican metropolis of Guayama, the place he was wounded and arrested.
Cofresí is reputed to have provided a bribe of 4,000 items of eight to Guayama’s mayor in return for his freedom, fuelling the legend of an enormous hidden treasure hoard.
Cofresí’s demise signalled the final gasp of organised piracy within the Caribbean however was additionally one other step within the creation of a pirate mythology. [. . .]
For full article, see https://www.caribbean-beat.com/issue-187/the-last-pirate-of-the-caribbean-on-this-day
Additionally see https://www.elcalce.com/comercial/2025/03/21/la-noche-de-cofresi-en-cabo-rojo-buscan-honrar-al-pirata-cofresi-y-crear-conciencia-sobre-abandono-de-su-estatua/weblog
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